Correctional Officer Self-Protection Act of 2014 - Amends the federal criminal code to require the Director of the Bureau of Prisons to ensure that each chief executive officer of a federal penal or correctional institution: (1) provides a secure storage area located outside of the secure perimeter of the institution for qualified law enforcement officers employed by the Bureau to store firearms, or allows such officers to store firearms in a vehicle lockbox approved by the Director; and (2) allows such officers to carry concealed firearms on the premises outside of the secure perimeter of the institution.