Next Generation Research Act - Amends the Public Health Service Act to establish the Next Generation of Research Initiative in the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for coordination of all NIH policies and programs aimed at promoting and providing opportunities for new researchers.

Requires the Director to: (1) promote existing policies and programs to improve opportunities for new researchers; (2) develop or modify policies, including to strengthen mentorship programs and enhance diversity efforts; and (3) request the National Academy of Sciences, as part of the required studies concerning biomedical and behavioral research personnel, to conduct a comprehensive study and report on policies affecting the next generation of researchers.