Indian Health Care Improvement Act - =Title I: Indian Health Manpower= - Directs the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, acting through the Indian Health Service, to make grants to public or nonprofit private health or educational entities of Indian tribes or tribal organizations to assist such entities in meeting the costs of, among other items, identifying Indians with a potential for education or training in the health professions and encouraging and assisting them to enroll in health professions schools, or to undertake postsecondary education or training to qualify them to so enroll. Authorizes appropriations from fiscal year 1978 through fiscal year 1984 for such grants.

Authorizes two-year scholarship grants to Indians who completed high school and have demonstrated the capability of completing a course of study in a health professions school. Authorizes appropriations from fiscal year 1978 through fiscal year 1984 for such grants.

Authorizes appropriations through fiscal year 1984 for the Health Professions Scholarship Program. Gives priority to Indians for such scholarships. Permits the service requirement of such scholarships to be met by service in the Indian Health Service in an urban Indian health program under this Act or by private practice in an area of physician shortage which will serve Indians.

Authorizes appropriations through fiscal year 1984 for the Service extern programs.

=Title II: Health Services= - Authorizes expenditures through the Service over a seven-year period for patient care, field health, dental care, mental health, inpatient mental health services, model dormitory mental health services, therapeutic and residential treatment centers, treatment and control of alcoholism among Indians, and maintenance and repair.

=Title III: Health Facilities= - Authorizes expenditures through the Service over a seven-year period for the construction and renovation of hospitals, health centers, health stations, and other facilities of the Service. Authorizes the equipping and staffing of such facilities. Requires consultation with affected Indian tribes before such funds are expended.

Authorizes expenditures over a seven-year period to supply unmet needs for safe water and sanitary waste disposal facilities in existing and new Indian homes and communities. Gives preference to Indian firms (including those owned by federally recognized tribes in the State of New York) in construction or renovation of facilities and safe water and sanitary waste disposal facilities authorized by this Act.

=Title IV: Access to Health Services= - Makes hospitals and skilled nursing facilities of the Indian Health Service, whether operated by the Service or a tribal organization, eligible for Medicare reimbursement payments. Makes such hospitals and facilities eligible, if not in compliance with Federal standards, for 12 months after submitting a plan for achieving compliance. Requires the Secretary to use such payments for making improvements in such hospitals and facilities to bring them into compliance.

Authorizes Medicaid reimbursement payments to the States for health services to Indians. Sets the Medicaid assistance at 100 percent for services received through a Service facility.

=Title V: Health Services for Urban Indians= - Authorizes contracts with urban Indian organizations to assist them in establishing and administering programs to meet urban Indian health needs. Sets forth requirements of eligibility for such organizations to enter into such contracts, including that such organizations provide assistance to public and private health service resources in serving Indians, aid in familarization of Indians with available services, determine the size of the Indian populations served by such organizations, determine the extent of unmet health care needs of such populations, and determine the feasibility of providing services through such organizations to meet the purposes of this Act.

Permits Indian organizations to utilize existing Federal facilities in connection with such contracts.

Authorizes appropriation for purposes of this title of $5,000,000 in fiscal year 1978, $10,000,000 in fiscal year 1979, and $15,000,000 in fiscal year 1980.

=Title VI: American Indian School of Medicine= - Directs the Secretary to study the need for and feasibility of establishing a school of medicine to train Indians to provide health services to Indians. Requires a report within one year on such study to the Congress.

=Title VII:= - Requires specific reviews and reports on programs under this Act to be submitted to the Congress.

Prescribes procedures for implementation of regulations and a plan to effectuate the provisions of this Act.

Indian Health Care Improvement Act - States that the Congress declares that it is the policy of this Nation, in fulfillment of its special responsibilities and legal obligation to the American Indian people, to meet the national goal of providing the highest possible health status to Indians and to provide existing Indian health services with all resources necessary to effect that policy.

Defines the terms used in this Act.

Title I: Indian Health Manpower - Authorizes the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare acting through the Indian Health Service, to make grants to public or nonprofit private health or educational entities or Indian tribes or tribal organizations to assist such entities in meeting the costs of: (1) identifying Indians with a potential for education or training in the health professions and encouraging and assisting them; (2) publicizing existing sources of financial aid available to Indians enrolled in any medical or health-related school referred to in this Act are undertaking training necessary to qualify them to enroll in any such school; or (3) establishing other programs which the Secretary determines will enhance and facilitate the enrollment of Indians, and the subsequent pursuit and completion by them of courses of study, in any school referred to in this act.

Authorizes to be appropriated $5,000,000 for each of the five fiscal years after enactment of this Act for payment of such grants.

Directs the Secretary, acting through the Service, to make scholarship grants for up to two years to Indians who: (1) have successfully completed their high school education or high school equivalency; and (2) have demonstrated the capability to successfully complete courses of study in schools of medicine, osteopathy, dentistry, veterinary medicine, optometry, podiatry, pharmacy, public health, nursing, or allied health professions.

Authorizes appropriations for scholarship grants of $2,000,000 for the first fiscal year after enactment of this Act; $4,000,000 for the second fiscal year; and $6,000,000 for each of the three succeeding fiscal years.

Directs the Secretary, acting through the Service, to make scholarship grants to individuals who are enrolled in schools of medicine, osteopathy, denistry, veterinary medicine, optometry, podiatry, pharmacy, public health, nursing, or allied health professions, and who agree to provide their professional services to Indians after the completion of their professional training.

Authorizes appropriations for such grants of $8,000,000 for the first fiscal year after enactment of this Act; $16,000,000 for the second fiscal year; $22,000,000 for the third fiscal year; $30,000,000 for the fourth fiscal year; $34,000,000 for the fifth fiscal year; and, for each succeeding fiscal year, such sums as may be necessary to continue to make scholarship grants under this section to individuals who have received such grants prior to the end of the fifth fiscal year and who are eligible for such grants during each such succeeding fiscal year.

Directs the Secretary, acting through the Service, to make grants to individuals, nonprofit entities, appropriate public or private agencies, educational institutions, or Indian tribes and tribal organizations to enable the recipients of such grants to establish and carry out programs to train individuals so as to enable them to provide their services to Indians.

Authorizes to be appropriated to carry out the provisions of this section $1,000,000 for each of the five fiscal years after enactment of this Act.

States that the Secretary, may provide allowances to health professionals employed in the Service to enable them for a period of time each year prescribed by regulation of the Secretary to take leave of their duty stations for professional consultation and refresher training courses.

Title II: Health Services - Authorizes the Secretary to expend specific amounts of funds over a five-year fiscal period for the following health services: (1) patient care, (2) field health, excluding dental care, (3) dental care, (4) mental health, (5) treatment and control of alcoholism, (6) provision of health care personnel in primary and secondary Bureau of Indian Affairs schools, and (7) maintenance and repair.

Title III: Health Facilities - Authorizes the Secretary to expend $561,000,000 over a five-fiscal-year period in order to eliminate inadequate, outdated, and otherwise unsatisfactory service hospitals, health centers, health stations, and other service facilities.

Authorizes the Secretary to expend $378,000,000 within a five-fiscal-year period following the enactment of this Act, to supply unmet needs for safe water and sanitary waste disposal facilities in existing and new Indian homes and communities.

Title IV: Access to Health Services - Provides that the Secretary may enter into agreements with the appropriate State agency for the purpose of reimbursing such agency for health care and services provided in Service facilities to Indians who are beneficiaries of the Medicaid provisions of the Social Security Act.

Title V: Health Services for Urban Indians - Directs the Secretary, acting through the Service, to enter into contracts with urban Indian organizations to assist such organizations to establish and administer, in the urban centers in which such organizations are situated, programs which meet the requirements set forth in this Act of making health services more accessible to the urban Indian population.

Authorizes to be appropriated for the purpose of this title: $5,000,000 for the first fiscal year after enactment of this Act; $10,000,000 for the second fiscal year; and $15,000,000 for the third fiscal year.

Title VI: Miscellaneous - Requires the Secretary to report annually to the President and the Congress on progress made in effecting the purposes of this Act.

Authorizes appropriations to the Secretary of $150,000 to support a one-year study by the National Indian Health Board of mental health problems, including alcoholism and related problems, among Indians.