National Child Protection Amendments Act of 2001 - Amends the National Child Protection Act of 1993 to authorize a qualified entity designated by a State to contact an authorized State agency to obtain a fingerprint-based national criminal history background check of a provider of care to children, the elderly, or individuals with disabilities. Requires: (1) the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), upon receiving a request from a State repository, to conduct a search of its criminal history record system and respond within a specified time frame; and (2) each such check to be conducted pursuant to the National Crime Prevention and Privacy Compact.

Directs the National Crime Prevention and Privacy Compact Council to: (1) provide guidance, including model fitness standards, to States to ensure that national background checks comply with the Compact and to authorized agencies; and (2) create a permanent Care Provider Committee which shall include representatives of national organizations representing private nonprofit qualified entities using volunteers to provide care to children, the elderly, or individuals with disabilities.

Provides criminal penalties for the unauthorized request or use of such information by a qualified entity.

Amends the National Criminal History Access and Child Protection Act to provide that: (1) nothing in the Compact shall affect any direct terminal access to the Interstate Identification Index System provided prior to the effective date of the Compact under specified Acts; and (2) criminal history records disseminated by the FBI pursuant to such Act by means of the System shall be subject to the Compact.