National Center for Biotechnology Information Act of 1986 - Amends the Public Health Service Act to establish the National Center for Biotechnology Information (the Center) in the National Library of Medicine in the Department of Health and Human Services.

Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services (the Secretary), through the Center, to: (1) design, develop, implement, and manage automated systems for the collection, storage, retrieval, analysis, and dissemination of knowledge concerning human molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics; (2) perform research into advanced methods of computer-based information processing capable of representing and analyzing the vast number of biologically important molecules and compounds and mapping the genetic units and relationships; (3) enable persons engaged in biotechnology research and medical care to use such systems and methods; and (4) coordinate efforts to gather biotechnology information on an international basis.

Authorizes appropriations to the Secretary for FY 1987 through 1991.